Observational studyNutrients2025
Health Claims for Protein Food Supplements for Athletes-The Analysis Is in Accordance with the EFSA's Scientific Opinion.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dietary Supplements' Regulation: Are We Doing Enough to Protect the Children? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Adulteration of Sports Supplements with Anabolic Steroids-From Innocent Athlete to Vicious Cheater.Nutrients · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProtein supplements are among the most popular, available and growing complementary products. Fraud related to the mislabeling, inaccurate analysis or declaration of ingredient quantities, and health claims not aligned with those approved by EFSA is high. This study aims to analyze the claims related to protein supplements in commercial messages.
methodsAn observational cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the content and the degree to which health claims stated on the labeling or technical data sheets of protein supplements comply with those authorized by current European legislation and supported by existing scientific evidence. The products were searched for using Amazon and Google Shopping.
resultsOf the 209 health claims evaluated, 60 claims fully complied with the recommendations, representing 28.7% of the total (
conclusionsThese findings suggest that the high-quality advertising of protein supplements should engage consumers, industry stakeholders, scientific research, and the European Food Safety Authority to ensure compliance with European regulations, provide accurate guidance for manufacturers, and protect consumer rights under current legislation.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.