Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40507435›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025

A Review of the Influence of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on the Human Gut Microbiome and Intestinal Integrity.

Sylwia Smolinska, Florin-Dan Popescu, Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sylwia SmolinskaDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-616 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6736-2696
Florin-Dan PopescuDepartment of Allergology, Nicolae Malaxa Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.ORCID 0000-0001-6316-3155
Magdalena Zemelka-WiacekDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-616 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7201-8638

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis review aims to comprehensively evaluate the current evidence on the role of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics-collectively referred to as "biotics"-in modulating the human gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal epithelial integrity.

findingsBiotics exert their beneficial effects through several mechanisms, including by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), strengthening the gut barrier, and regulating immune responses. Prebiotics selectively stimulate beneficial bacteria, probiotics introduce live microorganisms with therapeutic functions, synbiotics combine the strengths of both, and postbiotics offer non-viable microbial components and metabolites that mimic probiotic benefits with enhanced safety profiles. Each type of biotic demonstrates unique and complementary effects across a range of conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, constipation, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. IMPLICATIONS: As disruptions in the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier are increasingly linked to chronic and immune-mediated diseases, leveraging biotics offers promising avenues for personalized nutrition, preventive healthcare, and adjunct therapies. The integration of biotics into clinical and dietary strategies may significantly contribute to improving gastrointestinal and systemic health.

Indexed as

epithelial barriergut microbiomeintestinal integritymicrobiotapostbioticsprebioticsprobioticssynbiotics

Identifiers

PMID40507435
PMCPMC12156228

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.