SynthesisEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025
Incidence of Glaucoma in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ocular disorders during treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond intraocular pressure: vascular and metabolic modifiers of optic nerve vulnerability in glaucoma.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Benefits and Risks of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Ocular Diseases: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Ocular Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tear-derived extracellular vesicles as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular and neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsGlaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is particularly prevalent among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a known risk factor for the disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the incidence of glaucoma in T2DM patients treated with Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) compared to those using other antihyperglycaemic agents. MATERIALS AND
methodsA comprehensive search of literature was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to September 14, 2024. Observational studies that reported the incidence of glaucoma among T2DM patients using GLP-1RAs versus other antihyperglycaemic drugs were included. Data analysis employed the random-effects model, presenting odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using I
resultsFive observational studies involving 2,500,430 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis indicated that GLP-1RA use was associated with a nonsignificant reduction in the incidence of glaucoma (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.02; p = 0.01: I
conclusionsIn conclusion, GLP-1RA usage in T2DM patients may be beneficial in lowering the risk of glaucoma under some circumstances. These results advocate for further clinical studies to confirm GLP-1RAs' protective ocular effects, potentially influencing future treatment guidelines and preventive care strategies for glaucoma patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.