ArticleEuropean journal of midwifery2025
Prevalence and associated factors of anxiety in postpartum women.
Article in European journal of midwifery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Low Pregnancy Cortisol and Infant Socioemotional Problems: The Mediating Role of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of maternal psychological disorders after immediate postpartum hemorrhage: a repeated nested cross-sectional survey in a cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Adaptation and Validation of the "Support and Control in Birth" (SCIB) Tool in Postpartum Spanish Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Perceived control and support during childbirth and their association with postpartum mental health outcomes: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Structured psychological nursing and postpartum psychological outcomes in primiparous women: a retrospective temporal cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
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Abstract
introductionPostpartum anxiety affects approximately 1 in 4 women, with significant implications for both mothers and newborns. This study aimed to identify factors associated with postpartum anxiety and to assess its prevalence.
methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out with women in the postpartum period in Spain. To measure attachment (VAMF bonding and VAMF attachment), the Maternal-Child Bond and Attachment - VAMF tool was used. Purpose sampling method was used to collect data from postpartum and postnatal consultations in medical centers. Sociodemographic and obstetric variables, anxiety level (GAD-7), risk of intimate partner violence (WAST), and risk of postpartum depression (EPDS) were obtained. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
resultsA total of 820 women participated, 36.1% (296) experienced mild anxiety, 8.5% (70) moderate anxiety, and 2.7% (22) severe anxiety. Key risk factors for anxiety included higher EPDS scores (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.55-1.81), smoking (AOR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.01-3.82), a history of mental health issues (AOR=1.77; 95% CI: 1.13-2.79), and challenges related to the baby's health (AOR=2.70; 95% CI: 1.34-5.47). Additionally, a high-risk score on the WAST was linked to increased anxiety (AOR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.01-2.31). Conversely, protective factors included a positive mother-baby bonding score (AOR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.85-0.96) and a monthly income of 1000-1999 € (AOR=0.55; 95% CI: 0.31-0.95). For moderate to severe anxiety, a high EPDS score remained a notable risk factor (AOR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.26-1.44), while positive bonding (AOR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98), higher income (>2000 €) (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.15-0.80), and favorable treatment by healthcare providers significantly reduced anxiety risk (AOR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.70).
conclusionsThe prevalence of anxiety in women after childbirth is high. Depression, poor bonding, and economic status are factors that influence the onset of postpartum anxiety.
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