Evidence mapPaperPMID 40510480Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025

Inverse association between remnant cholesterol and risks of atrial fibrillation among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Zeyu Jiang, Kun Zhao, Mengqi Sun, Jian Sun, Shuhan Pan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zeyu JiangDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Kun ZhaoDepartment of Cardiology Medicine, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China.
Mengqi SunDepartment of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Jian SunDepartment of Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Shuhan PanDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) levels and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with type 2 diabetes, by leveraging data from a large cohort of diabetic patients. Methods: We included patients with T2DM who received routine care at the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University between January 2014 and December 2023. A total of 9930 patients remained eligible for the final analysis. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Results: During a mean follow up of 6.12 ± 2.75 years, a total of 1,028 AF events occurred. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of atrial fibrillation by different RC levels at baseline. Compared to Q1, the age- and sex-adjusted HRs for coronary artery disease were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80-1.28) in Q2, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80-0.98) in Q3, and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67-0.84) in Q4. As a continuous variable, RC had an HR of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64-0.93). After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HbA1c, smoking status, eGFR, and the use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and glucose-lowering medications, the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82-1.32) in Q2, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.88-1.08) in Q3, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79-0.98) in Q4. As a continuous variable, RC had an HR of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.66-0.99). Conclusions: We demonstrated an inverse association between RC and incident risk of AF using data from real world retrospectively. Future prospective studies with the best option of an interventional trial are needed to further validate our findings.

Indexed as

Atrial FibrillationCholesterolDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2TriglyceridesAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceLipoproteinsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCholesterolLipoproteinsremnant-like particle cholesterolTriglyceridesatrial fibrillationcardiovascular diseasehyperlipidemiaremnant cholesteroltype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40510480
PMCPMC12158993

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.