ArticleNeurology. Clinical practice2025
Infection, Relapses, and Pseudo-Relapses in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Neurology. Clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01018537 (NARCOMS Global Multiple Sclerosis Registry), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
NARCOMS Global Multiple Sclerosis Registry: A Long-Term Study to Facilitate Research in Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of Documented Infections by Provider Specialty in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Disease-Modifying Therapies: A Claims Database Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Validation of rule-based detection methods for relapse in multiple sclerosis.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Infections are associated with an increased risk of relapse and pseudo-relapse in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the relationship with relapses and pseudo-relapses after SARS-CoV-2 infections (COVID) vs other infections in MS is poorly understood. Therefore, we compared the occurrence of relapse and pseudo-relapse after COVID and other infections with noninfected participants with MS. Methods: In spring 2023, we surveyed participants from the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis Registry regarding whether they had had a COVID infection, other infections, relapses, and pseudo-relapses. Recent infections, occurring in the 6 months before the survey, were used to categorize participants into groups: recent COVID, non-COVID infection (with no history of ever having COVID), COVID and non-COVID infections, or uninfected. Results: Of the 4,787 participants eligible for analysis, 2,927 participants were included, of whom 294 (10%) had a recent COVID infection; 853 (29.1%) had 1 recent infection other than COVID; 246 (8.4%) had a recent COVID and non-COVID infection; and 1,534 (52.4%) had no infection with COVID nor any infection within the past 6 months (uninfected). Compared with no infections, non-COVID infection was associated with a 39% increased likelihood of relapse (1.39, 95% CI [1.04-1.87]), whereas a recent COVID infection was associated with a decreased likelihood of relapse (0.45 [0.23, 0.87]), adjusting for covariates. All infection groups were associated with increased odds of pseudo-relapse compared with the uninfected group (non-COVID infections: 1.78 [1.44, 2.20]; COVID infection: 1.80 [1.32, 2.45]; COVID and non-COVID infection: 3.04 [2.24, 4.12]). Discussion: Because individuals with MS are at increased risk of infections, the association of infections with relapses and pseudo-relapses is clinically important. The high prevalence of acute worsening after infection, regardless of the type of infection, compared with those with no reported infection, needs to be considered in the management of persons with MS.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.