ArticleAJPM focus2025
Hospital Utilization in Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19 With History of Tobacco Use.
Article in AJPM focus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Tobacco use is a risk factor for COVID-19 severity. This study explores an association between tobacco use and COVID-19-linked all-cause healthcare utilization in ambulatory patients. Methods: Among 49,588 University of Maryland Medical System patients who tested positive for COVID-19 between February 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021, 20,621 ambulatory patients at first presentation were analyzed using a cross-sectional study. A multinomial multivariable logistic regression model was used to test the impact of tobacco use on hospital and emergency department utilization, with COVID-19 severity, comorbid diagnoses, obesity, chronic steroid use, sex, race, age, and Social Vulnerability Index included as covariates. Results: Of the 20,621 patients, 2,030 (9.84%) were current users; 4,586 (22.24%) were former users; and 14,005 (67.92%) never used tobacco. A total of 16,518 (80.10%) patients remained ambulatory during their COVID-19 illness; 1,786 (8.66%) utilized the emergency department; and 2,317 (11.24%) were admitted to the hospital. Both former (AOR=1.286; 95% CI=1.132, 1.462; Conclusions: Tobacco users with COVID-19 are more likely to have increased healthcare utilization than never users, with current users more likely to use the emergency department and former users more likely to utilize the hospital. Ambulatory patients who use tobacco should receive closer COVID-19 quarantine management to prevent severe outcomes and healthcare overutilization.
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