SynthesisObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2025
Increased Circulating Interleukin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Increased Circulating Interleukin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus exacerbates vaginal group BmSphere · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis work aimed to quantitatively evaluate circulating interleukin concentration data available for patients with Type 2 diabetes.
methodsWe performed a systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Original studies reporting data on circulating interleukin concentrations in at least one group of patients with Type 2 diabetes (obese Type 2 diabetes [OBD], overweight Type 2 diabetes [OWD], or lean Type 2 diabetes [LD]) and healthy weight controls (HWCs) were included. Data were extracted from 43 included studies uniquely encompassing 2646 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 6605 HWCs by independent investigators. We used a random-effects model to pool data in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated as the standardized mean difference in interleukin concentrations between groups and then transformed into Hedge's g statistic.
resultsOur results revealed higher circulating concentrations in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with HWCs, including IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-18. When stratified by BMI subgroups, all patients with Type 2 diabetes displayed elevated IL-6 concentrations compared with HWCs, with OBD patients having the highest ES, followed by OWD and LD. Similar to the overall results, higher interleukin concentrations in different BMI subgroups of patients with Type 2 diabetes were observed compared with HWCs in IL-4 (OWD), IL-17 (LD), and IL-18 (OBD, but not OWD).
conclusionMeta-analysis outcomes demonstrated higher circulating concentrations of IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-18 in patients with Type 2 diabetes, strengthening the clinical evidence that Type 2 diabetes is accompanied by a systemic inflammatory response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.