Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40518610›Full record

ArticleKorean journal of ophthalmology : KJO2025

Development of a Flexible Electrode for Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle.

Hee Kyung Yang, Lee-Woon Jang, Dong Hyun Kim, Jung-Hyun Lee, Jungsuk Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Jae-Young Lim, Jeong-Min Hwang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hee Kyung YangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Lee-Woon JangThe Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Dong Hyun KimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Jung-Hyun LeeCellico Inc, Seongnam, Korea.
Jungsuk KimCellico Inc, Seongnam, Korea.
Gheeyoung ChoeDepartment of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Jae-Young LimDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Jeong-Min HwangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.

Funding

Seoul National University Bundang Hospital 02-2022-0003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop a flexible electrode for electrical stimulation of extraocular muscles and to evaluate the safety of applying direct electrical stimulation to muscles and its potential effects on ocular tissues in rabbits.

methodsA flexible electrode was fabricated using a conventional photolithography process. This electrode comprised a 300-nm-thick platinum layer embedded within a 30-μm-thick polyimide cable. In an in vivo study, five rabbits underwent electrical stimulation of the right superior and inferior rectus muscles. Stimulation consisted of electrical pulses (1 pulse per second, 2.0 mA for 0.1 milliseconds) applied for 5 minutes to the right superior rectus muscle, followed by 5 minutes to the right inferior rectus muscle. This regimen was performed three times a week for 4 weeks. Subsequent histological examination was conducted on the conjunctiva, extraocular muscles, sclera, and retina.

resultsDirect electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle using a flexible electrode could successfully elicit eye movement in rabbits. Histologic examination demonstrated no evidence of detrimental effects of the electrical stimulation.

conclusionsDirect electrical stimulation of extraocular muscles using a flexible electrode could safely elicit eye movement without any ocular damage in rabbits.

Indexed as

Electric StimulationElectric Stimulation TherapyEye MovementsOculomotor MusclesAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalElectrodesEquipment DesignRabbitsElectrical stimulationExtraocular muscleFlexible electrodeHistologic examination

Identifiers

PMID40518610
PMCPMC12358727

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.