ArticleBone & joint research2025
Temporal- and concentration-dependent effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in primary human knee fibroblasts.
Article in Bone & joint research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Design and validation of a biomechanics device for preclinical arthrofibrosis models.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Krüppel-like factor 14 enhances fatty acid oxidation to combat pulmonary fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- New Clues to the Challenge of Knee Arthrofibrosis: From Molecules to Therapies.The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Aims: To characterize the effects of varying experimental parameters of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in primary knee fibroblasts as an in vitro model of arthrofibrosis. Methods: Primary knee fibroblasts were isolated from one patient undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and one patient undergoing revision TKA for arthrofibrosis, respectively. Fibroblasts were stimulated with varying concentrations and durations of the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β1. Picrosirius red staining (PSR) was conducted to assess collagen deposition, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were performed to determine cellular gene expression levels. A collagen gel contraction assay was used to assess TGF-β1-induced fibroblast contraction. Results: In our experiments, TGF-β1-mediated collagen deposition was consistent across a vast concentration range (0.5 to 40 ng/ml). While α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) protein levels and SMAD2 phosphorylation were induced by low concentrations (1 ng/ml), robust Conclusion: Taken together, this study elucidates key TGF-β1 experimental parameters that will inform the development and interpretation of in vitro models of arthrofibrosis.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.