ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Biodegradable sustained-release microneedle patch loaded with clindamycin hydrochloride: a breakthrough in acne management.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polymeric microneedles for closed-loop drug delivery: from biosensing to therapy.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Research advances on protein-based microneedles for treatment of skin diseases: A review.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Advanced azelaic acid hyalubilosome-loaded microneedles for potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial for Acne treatment by up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Dissolvable silk microneedles delivering minocycline-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles for targeted modulation of sebocyte metabolism and improved acne therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Clindamycin hydrochloride, a first-line antibiotic for acne treatment, faces challenges with poor skin penetration due to its hydrophilicity and the barrier posed by the stratum corneum. To address this limitation, we developed gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel-based biodegradable microneedles (GM-Clin-MN) for sustained intradermal drug delivery, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Methods: The microneedle patches loaded with 1 wt% clindamycin hydrochloride were fabricated using PDMS molds and characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fluorescence microscopy. Drug loading and release were assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 520 nm, while mechanical strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Skin penetration was tested on Results: Clindamycin hydrochloride-loaded GelMA microneedles (GM-Clin-MN) achieved a drug loading of 0.49 ± 0.025 μg/needle, exhibiting rapid release on Day 1 (54.8% ± 2.1%) and sustained release by Day 10 (72.1% ± 1.5%). The microneedles penetrated the skin to a depth of 658 ± 66 μm, swelled by 185.4% ± 12.1%, and completely dissolved within 10 min. GM-Clin-MN displayed no cytotoxicity or skin irritation and effectively inhibited the growth of Conclusion: GM-Clin-MN enables sustained, minimally invasive clindamycin delivery through the stratum corneum, offering a dual-action therapeutic strategy that combines potent antibacterial activity with anti-inflammatory modulation for acne management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.