ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Blockade of IL-1 family cytokines in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering and Partial Characterization of an Anti-IL-23/Anti-TNF-α Bispecific Domain Antibody Fused to Human Serum Albumin Domain for Inflammatory Disease Therapy.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Treatment Response to JAK Inhibitors in Long-standing Alopecia Areata (≥8 Years): A Real-world Observational Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Observational
- Cytokine signalling in vaginal epithelial cells: mechanistic insights into epithelial immunity and inflammatory milieu in vulvovaginal candidiasis.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Hydrogen sulfide inhalation induces changes in body physiology and lung gene expression in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Positive and Negative Cardiovascular Effects of JAK Inhibitors in Inflammation.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Review
- Metabolomics insights into RA: the proinflammatory role of phenylalanine in human FLS and primary lymphocytes.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- NLRP3 inflammasome promotes PAD2/PAD4 release and protein citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Functional siRNA Delivery via Jet Nebulization: Proof-of-Concept IL-1ß Silencing in Macrophage-like THP-1 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ion channels and GPCRs as pharmacological regulators of ferroptosis and pyroptosis in metabolic diseases.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Targeting IL-1β: a potential strategy for alleviating the immunopathology of aortic aneurysms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Nanozymes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Through Disease Stage-Oriented Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Antagonist Binding Actively Disrupts Interleukin-1 Receptor Dynamics to Block Co-receptor Recruitment.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Inflammasome-associated pyroptosis and tumor angiogenesis in prostate cancer.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Nanobiosensors for Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarkers: Advances and Clinical Translational Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- From immunosuppression to immune reprogramming: is triptolide a potential "immune reset" agent in autoimmune diseases?Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Synthesis, characterization andNanoscale advances · 2025Article
- Inflammasomes as the molecular hub of cardiovascular-metabolic-immune comorbidity networks.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disorder, imposes a substantial global health burden through elevated disability rates, systemic complications, and socioeconomic consequences. Chronic synovitis and progressive joint destruction characterize this disease, driven by dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses that amplify synovial inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and irreversible tissue damage. Aberrant activation of interleukin (IL) -1 family cytokines critically contributes to RA pathogenesis. These cytokines mediate dual mechanisms: pro-inflammatory agonists like IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-36 accelerate disease progression, whereas insufficient levels of anti-inflammatory antagonists such as IL-1Ra and IL-37 disrupt the balance required to suppress pathogenic cascades. Clinical trials evaluating IL-1-targeting biologics-including anakinra and canakinumab-have demonstrated robust early efficacy. However, late-stage interventions exhibit diminished therapeutic returns, largely due to irreversible joint damage and compensatory activation of redundant cytokine networks. These findings emphasize the need for precise patient stratification. Single-pathway IL-1 inhibition faces inherent limitations, driving the development of multi-target strategies to counteract cytokine redundancy and reduce therapeutic resistance. This review systematically analyzes the mechanistic roles of IL-1 family cytokines in RA, evaluates clinical outcomes and safety profiles of IL-1-targeted therapies, and proposes innovative strategies to advance RA treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.