ArticleLaryngoscope investigative otolaryngology2025
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and Olfactory Function-A Clinical Pilot Study.
Article in Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Although the olfactory epithelium, including its neuronal cell line, has inherent regenerative potential, therapeutic options remain limited. Promising effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on olfactory regeneration have been observed in both animal and human studies. In this study, we assessed olfaction before and after G-CSF administration in myeloma patients who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation and in allogeneic stem cell donors. Methods: A total of 40 subjects were included in this study (10 myeloma patients, 10 allogeneic stem cell donors, 20 controls who did not receive any G-CSF). Olfactory function was psychophysically assessed using the threshold and extended identification domain of the Sniffin' Sticks test. Results: After G-CSF administration, threshold scores were slightly enhanced in both myeloma patients (8.9 ± 3.6 vs. 9.3 ± 3.3) and allogeneic stem cell donors (10.2 ± 3.5 vs. 11.8 ± 2.9). However, this effect was not statistically significant. For olfactory identification, no improvement was observed. Conclusion: Even though being not statistically significant, the findings of this study align with previous evidence and underline the potential of G-CSF on olfactory regeneration. However, additional studies, including carefully designed animal trials, are required to comprehensively evaluate this promising therapeutic option.
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