Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40522610›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2025

Estimating the Replicability of Sports and Exercise Science Research.

Jennifer Murphy, Aaron R Caldwell, Cristian Mesquida, Aera J M Ladell, Alberto Encarnación-Martínez, Alexandre Tual, Andrew Denys, Bailey Cameron, Bas Van Hooren, Ben Parr and 91 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

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  16. Beyond theSports medicine international open · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

101 authors.

Jennifer MurphySchool of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght Campus, Blessington Rd, Dublin 9, Ireland. jennymurphy1@outlook.ie.ORCID 0000-0001-8624-3828
Aaron R CaldwellInstitute for Community Health Innovation, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Springdale, AR, 72762, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4541-6283
Cristian MesquidaSchool of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght Campus, Blessington Rd, Dublin 9, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-1542-8355
Aera J M LadellDepartment of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada.
Alberto Encarnación-MartínezDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
Alexandre TualLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France.
Andrew DenysDepartment of Kinesiology, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA.
Bailey CameronDepartment of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK.
Bas Van HoorenDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Ben ParrSchool of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
Bianca DeLuciaDepartment of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA.
Billy R J MasonUniversity of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia.
Brad ClarkUniversity of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia.
Brendan EganSchool of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Calum BrownSchool of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
Carl AdeDepartment of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Chiarella SforzaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Christopher B TaberDepartment of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA.
Christopher KirkSchool of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
Christopher McCrumDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Cian OKeeffe TigheSchool of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght Campus, Blessington Rd, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Ciara ByrneSchool of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght Campus, Blessington Rd, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Claudia BrunettiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Cyril ForestierLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France.
Dan MartinSchool of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
Danny TaylorSchool of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
David DigginSchool of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Dearbhla GallagherSchool of Human and Social Sciences, Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe, UK.
Deborah L KingSchool of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Elizabeth RogersDepartment of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Eric C BennettDepartment of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada.
Eric T LopatofskyDepartment of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Science, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA.
Gemma DunnSchool of Human and Social Sciences, Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe, UK.
Gérome C GauchardDevelopment, Adaptation, Handicap-CARE Grand Est, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
Guillaume MornieuxDevelopment, Adaptation, Handicap-CARE Grand Est, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
Ignacio Catalá-VilaplanaDepartment of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Ines CaetanSchool of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
Inmaculada Aparicio-AparicioDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
Jack BarnesSchool of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
Jake BlaisdellSchool of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
James SteeleDepartment of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK.
Jared R FletcherDepartment of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada.
Jasmin HutchinsonDepartment of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA.
Jason AuDepartment of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Jason P OliemansDepartment of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada.
Javad BakhshinejadDepartment of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA.
Joaquin BarriosDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
Jose Ignacio Priego QuesadaDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
Joseph RagerInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
Julia B CaponeDepartment of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada.
Julie S J WaltonFaculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
Kailey StevensDepartment of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Katie HeinrichDepartment of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Kelly WuDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Kenneth MeijerDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Laura RichardsSchool of Human and Social Sciences, Buckinghamshire New University, High Wycombe, UK.
Lauren JutlahDepartment of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Le TongDepartment of Kinesiology, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA.
Lee BridgemanDepartment of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK.
Leo BanetDevelopment, Adaptation, Handicap-CARE Grand Est, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
Leonard MbiyuInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
Lucy SeftonInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
Margaux de ChanaleillesLaboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France.
Maria CharisiDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Matthew BeerseDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
Matthew J MajorDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Maya CaonHuman Performance Laboratory and Motion Analysis Center, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
Mel BarghSchool of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
Michael RowleyDepartment of Kinesiology, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA.
Miguel Vaca MoranDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nicholas CrokerDepartment of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA.
Nicolas C HanenDevelopment, Adaptation, Handicap-CARE Grand Est, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
Nicole MontagueSchool of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght Campus, Blessington Rd, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Noel E BrickSchool of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
Oliver R RunswickInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
Paul WillemsDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Pedro Pérez-SorianoDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
Rebecca BlakeSpecialist Facilities, Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK.
Rebecca JonesSchool of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
Rebecca Louise QuinnSchool of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
Roberto Sanchis-SanchisDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
Rodrigo RabelloDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Roisin BolgerSchool of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
Roy ShohatHuman Performance Laboratory and Motion Analysis Center, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
Sadie CottonSchool of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Samantha ChuaDepartment of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN, UK.
Samuel NorwoodHuman Performance Laboratory and Motion Analysis Center, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
Samuel VimeauHuman Performance Laboratory and Motion Analysis Center, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
Sandro DiasSchool of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
Sissel PedersenDepartment of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Spencer S SkaperDepartment of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, T3E 6K6, Canada.
Taylor CoyleSchool of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght Campus, Blessington Rd, Dublin 9, Ireland.
Terun DesaiInstitute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
Thomas I GeeSchool of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
Tobias EdwardsSchool of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
Torsten PohlConservative and Rehabilitative Orthopaedics, Technical University of Munich, G80992, Munich, Germany.
Vanessa YinglingDepartment of Kinesiology, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA.
Vinicius RibeiroHuman Performance Laboratory and Motion Analysis Center, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
Youri DucheneDevelopment, Adaptation, Handicap-CARE Grand Est, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
Zacharias PapadakisHuman Performance Laboratory and Motion Analysis Center, Department of Health Promotion and Clinical Practice, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
Joe P WarneSchool of Biological, Health and Sport Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght Campus, Blessington Rd, Dublin 9, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-4359-8132

Funding

Irish Research Council GOIPG/2020/1155
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe replicability of sports and exercise research has not been assessed previously despite concerns about scientific practices within the field.

aimThis study aims to provide an initial estimate of the replicability of applied sports and exercise science research published in quartile 1 journals (SCImago journal ranking for 2019 in the Sports Science subject category; www.scimagojr.com ) between 2016 and 2021.

methodsA formalised selection protocol for this replication project was previously published. Voluntary collaborators were recruited, and studies were allocated in a stratified and randomised manner on the basis of equipment and expertise. Original authors were contacted to provide deidentified raw data, to review preregistrations and to provide methodological clarifications. A multiple inferential strategy was employed to analyse the replication data. The same analysis (i.e. F test or t test) was used to determine whether the replication effect size was statistically significant and in the same direction as the original effect size. Z-tests were used to determine whether the original and replication effect size estimates were compatible or significantly different in magnitude.

resultsIn total, 25 replication studies were included for analysis. Of the 25, 10 replications used paired t tests, 1 used an independent t test and 14 used an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the statistical analyses. In all, 7 (28%) studies demonstrated robust replicability, meeting all three validation criteria: achieving statistical significance (p < 0.05) in the same direction as the original study and showing compatible effect size magnitudes as per the Z test (p > 0.05).

conclusionThere was a substantial decrease in the published effect size estimate magnitudes when replicated; therefore, sports and exercise science researchers should consider effect size uncertainty when conducting subsequent power analyses. Additionally, there were many barriers to conducting the replication studies, e.g., original author communication and poor data and reporting transparency.

Indexed as

Biomedical ResearchExerciseSportsSports MedicineHumansPeriodicals as TopicReproducibility of ResultsResearch Design

Identifiers

PMID40522610
PMCPMC12513899

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.