Evidence mapPaperPMID 40523653Full record

ArticleObesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity2025

Histidine-Containing Dipeptides in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Saeede Saadati, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Giancarlo Aldini, Thilini R Thrimawithana, Julie E Stevens, Kathy Ngyuen, Arshad Majid, Simon M Bell, Jack Feehan, Aya Mousa and 1 more

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Histidine-Containing Dipeptides in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Saeede SaadatiMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-5352-0670
Robel Hussen KabthymerDepartment of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Giancarlo AldiniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2355-6744
Thilini R ThrimawithanaSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Julie E StevensSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Kathy NgyuenSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Arshad MajidSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Simon M BellSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Jack FeehanSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Aya MousaMonash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7356-4523
Barbora de CourtenDepartment of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8760-2511

Funding

Academy of Medical Sciences Starter Grants for Clinical Lecturers Scheme SGL028\1097Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)Monash Graduate Scholarship (MGS)Monash International Tuition Scholarship (MITS)NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHistidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. Yet, no previous reviews have examined the impact of HCDs on Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk factors (e.g., obesity) and progression (e.g., microvascular and macrovascular complications). In this scoping review, we aimed to thoroughly examine the evidence on the effects of HCDs, particularly carnosine, which is the most studied HCD, on T2D risk factors and complications and the underlying mechanisms of action.

methodsWe systematically searched Ovid-Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2023. We included experimental studies (animal models and cell studies), observational studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the mechanism of action of HCDs and the effects of supplementation in individuals with obesity and/or T2D.

resultsThe primary literature search yielded 10,973 articles and 121 studies were eligible for inclusion. HCDs have been shown to mitigate inflammation and improve lipid profile and glycemic control in obesity and T2D with or without microvascular and macrovascular complications. However, most studies are experimental, focusing on elucidating the potential mechanisms of action of HCDs, with limited observational data or RCTs of individuals with obesity and/or T2D. No RCTs have investigated the effects of HCDs in individuals with neuropathy, retinopathy, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease within a diabetic context.

conclusionsAlthough the existing evidence, predominantly from preclinical studies, generally supports the use of HCDs for improving cardiometabolic health, further human studies, especially RCTs with adequately powered sample sizes, are needed.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2DipeptidesHistidineObesityCardiovascular DiseasesHumansDipeptidesHistidinecardiometabolic healthcardiovascular diseasescarnosinediabeteshistidine‐containing dipeptidesinsulin resistanceobesitytype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40523653
PMCPMC12531755

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.