Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40524264›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2025

Independent validation and outlier analysis of EuroPOND alzheimer's disease staging model using ADNI and real-world clinical data.

Mandy M J Wittens, Diana M Sima, Arne Brys, Hanne Struyfs, Ellis Niemantsverdriet, Ellen De Roeck, Christine Bastin, Florence Benoit, Bruno Bergmans, Jean-Christophe Bier and 19 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Mandy M J WittensDep. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Diana M Simaicometrix, Leuven, Belgium.
Arne Brysicometrix, Leuven, Belgium.
Hanne StruyfsDep. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Ellis NiemantsverdrietDep. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Ellen De RoeckDep. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Christine BastinCRC Human Imaging , GIGA Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Florence BenoitGeriatrics Department, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Bruno BergmansNeurology Department, AZ St-Jan Brugge, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Bruges, Gent, Belgium.
Jean-Christophe BierNeurology Department, H. U. B. - Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
Peter Paul de DeynLaboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Olivier DeryckDepartment of Neurology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Brugge, Belgium.
Bernard HanseeuwWELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, 1300, Belgium.
Adrian IvanoiuInstitute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
Gaëtane PicardDepartment of Neurology, Clinique Saint-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium.
Eric SalmonGIGA Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium.
Kurt SegersNeurology & Geriatrics Dpt, Brugmann University Hospital, Van Gehuchtenplein 4, Brussels, 1020, Belgium.
Anne SiebenNeuropathology lab, IBB-NeuroBiobank BB190113, Born Bunge Institute, Antwerp, Belgium.
Evert ThieryDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Jos TournoyGerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Anne-Marie van BinstRadiology department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
Jan VersijptDep. of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
Dirk Smeetsicometrix, Leuven, Belgium.
Maria BjerkeDep. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Maura BellioDepartment of Computer Science, UCL Hawkes Institute (Centre for Medical Image Computing), University College London, London, UK.
Neil P OxtobyDepartment of Computer Science, UCL Hawkes Institute (Centre for Medical Image Computing), University College London, London, UK.
Daniel C AlexanderDepartment of Computer Science, UCL Hawkes Institute (Centre for Medical Image Computing), University College London, London, UK.
Annemie Ribbensicometrix, Leuven, Belgium.
Sebastiaan EngelborghsDep. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. Sebastiaan.Engelborghs@vub.be.

Funding

Interreg V programme Flanders-The Netherlands of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) herinneringen
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvent-based modeling (EBM) traces sequential progression of events in complex processes like neurodegenerative diseases, adept at handling uncertainties. This study validated an EBM for Alzheimer's disease (AD) staging designed by EuroPOND, an EU-funded Horizon 2020 project, using research and real-world datasets, a crucial step towards application in multi-center trials.

methodsThe training dataset comprised 1737 subjects from ADNI-1/GO/2, using the EuroPOND EBM toolbox. Testing datasets included a research cohort from University of Antwerp (controls, CN (n = 46), subjective cognitive decline, SCD (n = 10), mild cognitive impairment, MCI (n = 47), AD dementia, ADD (n = 16)) and a real-world cohort from 9 Belgian Dementia Council memory clinics (CN (n = 91), SCD (n = 66), (non-amnestic) naMCI (n = 54), aMCI (n = 255), and ADD (n = 220). Biomarkers included: 2 clinical scores (Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)); 3 CSF-biomarkers (Aβ

resultsThe research cohort's maximum likelihood event sequence comprised CSF Aβ

conclusionsThis study highlights the generalizability of EuroPOND's AD EBM model across research and real-world clinical datasets, supporting its use in multi-center trials. aMCI subjects generally reside in more advanced stages than naMCI, who may not necessarily have AD, demonstrating utility for precision recruitment/screening.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAgedAged, 80 and overAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkersCognitive DysfunctionCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsMiddle AgedNeuropsychological Teststau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkerstau ProteinsAlzheimer’s diseaseAutomated volumetryBiomarkersEvent-based modellingMagnetic resonance imaging

Identifiers

PMID40524264
PMCPMC12172318

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.