ArticleEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2025
The Comparison of the Gut Microbiome Composition, Serum Inflammatory Markers and Faecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Among Individuals With Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Healthy Controls: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Gut-Pancreas Axis in Type 1 Diabetes: Emerging Insights into Microbiota and Immune Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes is associated with reduced airway microbial diversity.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Disentangling Gut Microbiome Alterations in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy: Impact of Sex, Milk Elimination, and Family History of Allergies.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Bacterial Metabolites in the Plasma of Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Acetate Levels Are Elevated and Correlate with Glycated Haemoglobin and Para-Cresol Is Associated with Liver Disturbances and Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus and gut microbiota: from microbiome characteristics to prevention and treatment strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and Metabolites: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications.Nutrients · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to compare the gut microbiome (GM) composition, serum inflammatory markers and faecal short-chain fatty acids among individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy controls.
methodsThis case-control study examined 49 subjects with type 2 DM, 21 with type 1 DM and 40 healthy controls. Blood and faecal samples were collected. Serum inflammatory markers, including CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Bacterial populations were quantified using RT-qPCR and NGS. Faecal metabolites were analysed using gas chromatography.
resultsSimpson's alpha diversity was higher among types 1 and 2 DM than in the control. The frequency of the bacterial genera Gemmiger, Dorea, Collinsella, Escherichia/Shigella, Dialister, Coprococcus, Achromobacter, Intestinimonas and Allisonella in type 2 DM was higher than in the control, and the frequency of the genera Romboutsia and Clostridium was decreased in type 2 DM. The frequency of the Prevotella, Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium genera in type 1 DM was lower than in the other groups. Acetate, propionate and butyrate levels were significantly higher in type 2 DM patients compared to the other groups. Participants with diabetes had significantly higher hs-CRP, IL1-β, TNF, IL-6 and IFG levels compared to the controls. Compared to healthy controls, both T1DM and T2DM patients showed a significant increase in the abundance of the Lactobacillus genus (p = 0.01) and a decrease in Faecalibacterium (p = 0.02). Additionally, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly elevated in T2DM patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). Faecal levels of butyrate were significantly reduced in both diabetic groups compared to the controls (p = 0.004).
conclusionBy determining the GM alterations in patients with diabetes, interventional strategies could be designed to modulate the GM composition as an adjunctive therapy in diabetes.
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