Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40526206›Full record

ArticleBiological trace element research2026

Analysis of the Elemental Composition of Milk Formulae: Impact on the Nutritional Status of Infants From Birth to 1 Year of Age.

Małgorzata Dobrzyńska, Zofia Wojciechowska, Karol Jakubowski, Hanna Markowska, Juliusz Przysławski, Przemysław Niedzielski, Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biological trace element research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Małgorzata DobrzyńskaDepartment of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland. mdobrzynska@ump.edu.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-522X
Zofia WojciechowskaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-8697
Karol JakubowskiDepartment of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9867-0712
Hanna MarkowskaDepartment of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-7837-1989
Juliusz PrzysławskiDepartment of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-2817
Przemysław NiedzielskiDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8 Street, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-9057
Sławomira Drzymała-CzyżDepartment of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-5439

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inappropriate concentrations of elements in infant formulae may lead to adverse health effects, so this study was designed to determine the concentration of selected basic (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) and toxic or potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Sn, and Ni) in formulae for infants from birth to 12 months currently available on the Polish market. The concentrations of these elements were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the estimated daily intake (EDI) of elements was calculated. The concentrations of most analyzed elements in formulae were in good agreement with the recommended EU limits, except for Cu (median 72 µg/100 kcal, range 0 - 338 µg/100 kcal) and K (155 µg/100 kcal, 103 - 316 µg/100 kcal) in some formulae did not meet the guidelines for minimum and maximum levels. Additionally, there were large differences in Mn concentrations between the various formulae (range 1 - 91 µg/100 kcal). The Ni EDI exceeded 4.3 µg in some formulae, which EFSA established as the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for eczematous skin reactions. Therefore, regular monitoring of the composition of formulae for infants is recommended.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaNutritional StatusTrace ElementsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMass SpectrometryPolandTrace ElementsElementsFollow-on formulaFormula for special medical purposesInfant formulaInfant nutritionToxic elements

Identifiers

PMID40526206
PMCPMC12847093

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.