ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2025
Mammographic calcifications association with risk of advanced breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breast cancer survival prediction using machine learning and multimodal data for personalized care plan.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Mammogram geometric projection localization (MaGPL) for surgical body-surface localization of nonpalpable breast calcifications.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Combined 2D-US and CDUS Nomogram for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Breast Masses: A Retrospective Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Effect of race and ethnicity on advanced breast cancer risk prediction model performance.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMammographic calcifications on mammograms with a negative/benign assessment are associated with increased breast cancer risk. Associations with advanced breast cancer risk are unknown. We evaluated whether calcifications recorded on mammography reports are associated with advanced invasive breast cancer risk.
methodsWe included 3,710,313 screening mammograms with a negative/benign final assessment performed on 991,991 women aged 40-74 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium associated with 7229 advanced cancers. We calculated cumulative 5-year advanced (prognostic pathologic stage ≥II) breast cancer risk and hazards ratios (HR) adjusted for clinical risk factors according to presence or absence of calcifications by menopausal status, dense (heterogeneously or extremely dense) vs. non-dense (almost entirely fatty or scattered fibroglandular density) breasts, body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m
resultsPrevalence of calcifications was 6.1% among women who developed advanced breast cancer vs. 3.6% among others. Overall associations of advanced cancer with calcifications were similar for premenopausal (HR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.9) and postmenopausal (HR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.7) women. Compared to postmenopausal women with non-dense breasts and BMI < 25 kg/m
conclusionMammographic calcifications increase advanced cancer risk beyond having dense breasts and being overweight/obese. Future research should investigate strength of associations by type of calcification and incorporation of calcifications into advanced cancer risk models for improvement in model accuracy.
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