Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40526704›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Detection and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species isolated from raw buffalo milk in subclinical mastitis.

Md Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury, Hemayet Hossain, Md Bashir Uddin, Md Matiur Rahman, Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain, Md Rafiqul Islam, M Nazmul Hoque, Md Masudur Rahman, Md Mukter Hossain, Md Mahfujur Rahman

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Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Md Shahidur Rahman ChowdhuryDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Hemayet HossainDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Md Bashir UddinDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Md Matiur RahmanDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Ferdaus Mohd Altaf HossainDepartment of Dairy Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Md Rafiqul IslamDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
M Nazmul HoqueDepartment of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Gazipur Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-4861-0030
Md Masudur RahmanDepartment of Pathology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Md Mukter HossainDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Md Mahfujur RahmanDepartment of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0003-2062-8471

Funding

University Grant Commission (UGC) of Bangladesh UGC-2021-22
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) poses a significant threat to the global dairy industry, particularly in Bangladesh, where it remains a major constraint in buffalo dairy farming. The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens complicates disease management, resulting reduced milk yield, increased veterinary expenses, compromised animal welfare and potential risk to public health. This study investigated the prevalence and resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species in raw buffalo milk from SCM cases in Bangladesh. A total of 1,540 quarter milk samples from 385 buffaloes were analyzed, revealing SCM prevalence rates of 67.9% (1046/1540; 95% CI: 65.6-70.3) at the quarter level and 80.8% (311/385; 95% CI: 76.5-84.6) at the animal level. Notable regional variations were observed, with Gowainghat showing the highest prevalence (88.1%; 141/160). This study did not identify any biologically plausible risk factors for the occurrence of SCM in buffalo. The Modified Whiteside Test and California Mastitis Test confirmed SCM, with culture and biochemical tests identifying 789 (51.2%) Staphylococcus spp. and 424 (27.5%) Streptococcus spp. isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that 72.7% (456/627) of Staphylococcus isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, while the predominant Streptococcus species included Streptococcus uberis (32.3%) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (14.9%). Resistance gene detection revealed a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs), particularly aac-3(iv) and tetA, across different buffalo quarters and habitats. Antibiogram profiling demonstrated high susceptibility to tetracycline (80.9; 83.1) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.4; 81.9), while significant resistance was noted against ampicillin (88.8; 87.1) and nalidixic acid (68.1; 62.1). MDR was observed in 76.4% (479/627) of Staphylococcus spp. and 67.3% (167/248) of Streptococcus spp. isolates, with 10.37% (65/627) and 10.48% (26/248) classified as possible XDR, respectively. These findings explored high antimicrobial resistance level among Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species in subclinical mastitis, highlighting the need for improved management practices and surveillance to mitigate public health risks posed by contaminated milk.

Indexed as

BuffaloesDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialMastitisMastitis, BovineMilkStaphylococcal InfectionsStaphylococcusStreptococcal InfectionsStreptococcusAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBangladeshFemaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPrevalenceAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID40526704
PMCPMC12173402

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.