Evidence mapPaperPMID 40528207Full record

ReviewNutrition & metabolism2025

Effects of spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults: a GRADE-assessed and dose-response meta-analysis of RCTs.

Mohammadyasin Lak, Mehdi Karimi, Camellia Akhgarjand, Shirin Ghotboddin Mohammadi, Pedram Pam, Damoon Ashtary-Larky, Samira Pirzad, Mohammadreza Amirkhan-Dehkordi, Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf, Menno Henselmans and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrition & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mohammadyasin LakDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi KarimiFaculty of Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU), Kiev, Ukraine. karimi9010@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4388-0214
Camellia AkhgarjandDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Shirin Ghotboddin MohammadiDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Pedram PamDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Damoon Ashtary-LarkyNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Samira PirzadFaculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch (IAUTMU), Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9220-3891
Mohammadreza Amirkhan-DehkordiFaculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Amin ShahrbafFaculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Menno HenselmansNavarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain.
Omid AsbaghiCancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS), Tehran, Iran. omid.asbaghi@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-4711

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimWeight management remains a global health concern, with increasing interest in nutritional interventions to support healthy body composition. In recent years, the potential role of supplements like Spirulina has gained considerable attention as a possible intervention. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Spirulina supplementation on body composition in adults.

methodsA comprehensive search strategy was conducted across online databases to find relevant RCTs from inception until December 2024. The primary endpoints were changes in anthropometric indices. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using STATA software, and sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also conducted.

resultsThe pooled analysis of 17 RCTs indicated that Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced body weight (BW) (WMD: -1.07 kg; p = 0.004), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.40; p = 0.025), body fat percentage (BFP) (WMD: -0.84%; p = 0.002), but had no significant effects on waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -0.46 cm; p = 0.280). Based on Egger's regression test, there is no publication bias for BW (p = 0.097), BMI (p = 0.382), BFP (p = 0.945), and WC (p = 0.488). A significant dose-response effect on BMI and intervention dose (Coefficient: -0.17, P = 0.007) and duration (Coefficient: 0.13, p = 0.042).

conclusionSpirulina supplementation effectively reduces BW, BMI, and BFP, with stronger effects at higher doses and longer durations, especially in obese or older individuals. While no significant change in WC was observed overall, subgroup analyses suggest potential benefits for specific populations, emphasizing the importance of personalized supplementation strategies.

Indexed as

AnthropometricBlue-green algaeBody MassDietary SupplementNutritionSpirulinaWeigh

Identifiers

PMID40528207
PMCPMC12175388

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.