ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2025
Aged garlic extract major constituent S-1-propenyl-l-cysteine inhibits proinflammatory mRNA expression in bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells exposed to the BNT162b2 vaccine.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cracking the Sulfur Code: Garlic Bioactive Molecules as Multi-Target Blueprints for Drug Discovery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Future Perspectives on Targeting the Activated TLR4/NFκB Pathway in Cystic Fibrosis: A Possible Interplay Between Ethnopharmacology and microRNA Therapeutics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Aged Garlic Extract and Its Bioactive Molecules S-Allyl-Cysteine and S1-Propenyl-Cysteine: A Review Focusing on Evidences Supporting Their Use for Mitigating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
A simple experimental model system was developed and validated for the identification and characterization of molecules exhibiting the ability to inhibit the expression of genes activated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 'cytokine storm' for the present study. Biomolecules derived from herbal medicinal extracts have been proposed as anti-inflammatory strategies for reducing COVID-19 'cytokine storm' and the associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Considering this, the present study focused on a major component of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE), S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC). The human bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cell line was used to upregulate the expression of proinflammatory genes after exposure to the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine. The effects of S1PC were then studied following continuous treatment for 2 days in BNT162b2-exposed IB3-1 cells. The concentrations of S1PC were 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µM. GC-MS analysis was performed in order to characterize the S1PC used in the experiments. Reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis revealed the accumulation of Spike mRNA and protein in BNT162b2-exposed IB3-1 cells. Subsequently, the effects of S1PC on the several biological and biochemical parameters were analyzed, including cell viability, apoptosis, the NF-κB pathway and the expression of proinflammatory factors. Molecular docking analysis was performed to obtain preliminary information on the putative mechanism(s) of action of S1PC. The results of the present study demonstrate that exposure of epithelial IB3-1 cells to the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine is associated with a sharp increase in the expression of the transcription factor NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated genes, including
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