ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Global burden and trend of stroke attributable to metabolic risks among young adults (20-39 years old) from 1990 to 2021.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Joint association of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) with stroke risk: findings from a nationwide prospective cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Syndemic analysis of stroke in Indonesia.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke Attributable to High Systolic Blood Pressure in Adults Aged 45 Years and Above From 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2045: A Systematic and Comprehensive Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Acute Stroke in Young Adults from a Tertiary Stroke Center in Abu Dhabi-A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Diseases burden and trends of bladder cancer attributable to behavioral and metabolic factors among global and Chinese population, 1990-2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
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Abstract
Objectives: Stroke is increasingly affecting young adults, with metabolic-risk factors playing a critical role in this trend. This study aims to assess the global burden and trends of stroke and its subtypes attributable to metabolic-risks in young adults from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 were analyzed to assess the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to metabolic-risks for stroke and its subtypes in young adults across 204 countries and territories. Estimated annual percentage changes in the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of stroke, by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and subtype, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Results: In 2021, metabolic risk factors were responsible for approximately 3,960,349 stroke-DALYs in young adults globally, accounting for 45.44% of the total stroke burden in this group. High systolic blood pressure was the leading contributor (35.43%), followed by high LDL cholesterol (9.13%), high BMI (7.26%), kidney dysfunction (5.47%), and high fasting plasma glucose (2.42%). From 1990 to 2021, the absolute number of stroke-related DALYs attributable to metabolic-risks increased by 22.23%, while the ASDR decreased by 0.78% annually. Regional disparities were evident, with East Asia reporting the largest number of stroke-DALYs attributable to metabolic-risks and Southeast Asia exhibiting the highest ASDR. Notably, the proportion of stroke-DALYs attributable to metabolic-risks showed a positive association with SDI and increased across all regions during the study period. The most notable increases were observed in Eastern Europe. By stroke subtype, metabolic risk factors contributed to 1,147,521 DALYs from ischemic stroke, 2,267,874 from intracerebral hemorrhage, and 544,954 from subarachnoid hemorrhage in 2021. The ASDR of all subtypes declined from 1990 to 2021, with the steepest decline for subarachnoid hemorrhage (EAPC = -1.37%). However, ASDR increased in specific regions, notably Sub-Saharan Africa for ischemic stroke and the Caribbean and Oceania for intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusions: Despite a decline in ASDR, the absolute burden of stroke attributable to metabolic risks among young adults has increased globally, with significant regional and national disparities. Targeted prevention strategies addressing metabolic risk factors are urgently needed, particularly in high-burden regions.
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