Evidence mapPaperPMID 40530307Full record

ReviewRSC advances2025

Therapeutic potential of betaine and its derivatives in cancer treatment: a comprehensive review.

Muhammad Shahzaib Hassan, Tanzila Khalid, Maida Akhlaq, Abdul Hameed, Faiza Sharif, Sobia Rana, Maliha Uroos

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Nutraceutical and Antitumoral Potential ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad Shahzaib HassanSchool of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan malihauroos.chem@pu.edu.pk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3977-5425
Tanzila KhalidSchool of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan malihauroos.chem@pu.edu.pk.
Maida AkhlaqSchool of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan malihauroos.chem@pu.edu.pk.
Abdul HameedDepartment of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal Sahiwal 57000 Pakistan.
Faiza SharifInterdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus Lahore Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7086-0618
Sobia RanaDr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan.
Maliha UroosSchool of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore-54590 Pakistan malihauroos.chem@pu.edu.pk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-4151

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bioactive natural compounds and their analogues play a significant role in the treatment of fatal diseases such as malaria, pneumonia, hepatic disorders, heart diseases and various types of cancer. Existing chemoprotective treatments for different types of cancer employ numerous natural compounds from medicinal plant extracts, fruits, vegetables, herbs, microorganisms and marine life. One of these bioactive compounds is betaine, which is a natural constituent with remarkable antioxidant and anticancer properties. The betaine scaffold and its derivatives have demonstrated suppressive effects on the progression, metastasis and angiogenesis of cancer cells. Although multiple studies have reported that betaine and its derivatives demonstrate remarkable efficiency in treating cancer or preventing tumor growth, a review summarizing the literature on this important anticancer agent is lacking to date. Thus, the present review article provides a detailed overview of the reported literature on the use of betaine and its derivatives in the prevention of different types of cancers and discusses the inhibitory activities of betaine against various types of tumorigenesis and its mechanism of action. The synergistic effects of betaine with phytochemicals and nanostructure-based medication delivery systems and its molecular modification for lowering the risk of cancer in humans are also discussed in detail.

Identifiers

PMID40530307
PMCPMC12172649

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.