Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40530661›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Immune response to and virological profile of SARS-CoV-2 before and after symptom onset in individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.

Yandong Cheng, Lei Jiang, Jun Ni, Hongxia Wei, Yaning Zheng, Yingwei Zhang, Zhaoping Zhang, Yi-Hua Zhou, Ping Shen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yandong ChengDepartment of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Lei JiangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Jun NiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Hongxia WeiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Yaning ZhengDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Yingwei ZhangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Zhaoping ZhangDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
Yi-Hua ZhouDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8880-0392
Ping ShenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

China encountered a COVID-19 pandemic shortly after lifting the zero-COVID-19 policy in December 2022. We prospectively investigated the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 before and after symptom onset of breakthrough infection in individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Blood samples from 35 vaccinated participants were collected from December 16 to 20, 2022 when they had no symptoms and a second blood sample was collected from each participant from January 4 to 6, 2023. SARS-CoV-2 RNA, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured with commercially available kits respectively. During a period of average 17.0 (±1.6) days, 30 (85.7%) of 35 participants developed toxemia and respiratory symptoms and 34 (97.1%) were defined with SARS-CoV-2 infection based on positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in pharyngeal swabs (32) and rising titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (34). Before symptom onset, 16 (47.1%), 13 (38.2%), and 5 (14.7%) of the infected individuals already had relatively high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, elevated IL-6 and CRP respectively. After 17.0 (±1.6) days, the median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was significantly increased (46.85 vs 359.45 AU/mL,

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedChinaC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MInterleukin-6MaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesC-Reactive ProteinImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulin MInterleukin-6RNA, ViralSARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccinesVaccines, Inactivatedanamnestic immune responsesbefore symptom onsetbrisk initiationCOVID-19 vaccinevaccinated individual

Identifiers

PMID40530661
PMCPMC12184197

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.