Evidence mapPaperPMID 40530922Full record

Observational studyInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025

Associations Between Myopia and Brain Volumes: An Observational and Genetic Analysis.

Selena Wei Zhang, Jingze Guo, Yanxian Chen, Jiahao Liu, Yu Huang, Xianwen Shang, Mingguang He

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Selena Wei ZhangSchool of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Jingze GuoThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yanxian ChenSchool of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Jiahao LiuFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Yu HuangGuangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Xianwen ShangSchool of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Mingguang HeSchool of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To examine phenotypic and genetic associations between myopia and various brain volumes using the UK Biobank database. Methods: After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) between participants with myopia and healthy controls, the relationship between myopia and brain volumes was examined using general linear regression, with adjustments for covariates including age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend Deprivation Index, lifestyle factors, and disease status. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) and genetic risk score (GRS) were used to assess genetic associations. Results: After Bonferroni correction, general linear regression revealed that myopia was significantly associated with reduced total brain volume (β, -0.07 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.11 to -0.03) and white matter volume (β, -0.08 mL; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.03) in the fully adjusted model. Education significantly modified the myopia-gray matter association, with a stronger negative correlation in individuals without a college education (β, -0.09 mL; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.04). MR analysis indicated no obvious causal effect of myopia on brain volumes, and GRS analysis revealed only a slight decreasing trend in total brain volume with increasing genetic risk for myopia (P value for trend < 0.05). Conclusions: Although myopia shows phenotypic associations with brain volumes, including total brain and white matter, and particularly with gray matter in individuals with lower education, genetic analysis (MR and GRS) did not support a causal or genetic link with brain volumes. These findings suggest that residual confounding factors beyond education level may underlie the observed associations between myopia and brain volumes, underscoring the need for further research to elucidate these relationships.

Indexed as

BrainMyopiaPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdultAgedFemaleGray MatterHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedOrgan SizeRisk FactorsUnited KingdomWhite Matter

Identifiers

PMID40530922
PMCPMC12180605

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.