Evidence mapPaperPMID 40531213Full record

SynthesisClimacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society2025

Hormone therapy and insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Tanya Li, Nathan S Jiang, Julia Kaskey, Peter F Schnatz, Matthew Nudy

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Cardiovascular Benefits of Menopause Hormone Treatment is Age-Dependent.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Tanya LiDepartment of Medicine and Ob/Gyn, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nathan S JiangDepartment of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Julia KaskeyDepartment of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Peter F SchnatzDepartment of Medicine and Ob/Gyn, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Matthew NudyDivision of Cardiology, The Penn State College of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Hershey, PA, USA.

Funding

Penn State Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR002014 · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · 2025 to 2025
$3.8M
I: Penn State Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR002015 · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · 2025 to 2025
$554k
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002015NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMenopause increases the risk of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic diseases. This study summarizes the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women.

methodThe study analyzed randomized controlled trials (1998-2024) that assessed the impact of HT on insulin resistance using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in non-diabetic postmenopausal women. Raw mean differences (RMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis compared estrogen alone (E alone) and estrogen plus progestogen (E + P) to placebo.

resultsSeventeen randomized controlled trials with 5772 women (3644 on HT: E alone [

conclusionHT significantly lowers insulin resistance in healthy, non-diabetic postmenopausal women, with E alone yielding greater reductions than combination therapy.

Indexed as

Estrogen Replacement TherapyInsulin ResistancePostmenopauseEstrogensFemaleHumansMiddle AgedProgestinsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicEstrogensProgestinscardiovascular disease risk factorsestrogen therapyHormone therapyinsulin resistancepostmenopausal women

Identifiers

PMID40531213
PMCPMC12354064

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.