Evidence mapPaperPMID 40534171Full record

Trial reportDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2025

Impact of automated insulin delivery on subjective and objective sleep in children and young adults with very high HbA1c: Sleep outcomes from the CO-PILOT randomised controlled trial.

Venus R Michaels, Alisa Boucsein, Jillian J Haszard, Barbara Galland, Kim A Meredith-Jones, Yongwen Zhou, Shirley D Jones, Ryan G Paul, Esko Wiltshire, Craig Jefferies and 2 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Venus R MichaelsDepartment of Paediatrics and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5675-0339
Alisa BoucseinDepartment of Paediatrics and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6266-8802
Jillian J HaszardBiostatistics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6312-7795
Barbara GallandDepartment of Paediatrics and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2376-3575
Kim A Meredith-JonesDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-4871
Yongwen ZhouDepartment of Paediatrics and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0558-6712
Shirley D JonesDepartment of Paediatrics and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Ryan G PaulTe Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1579-3870
Esko WiltshireDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-2708
Craig JefferiesStarship Child Health, Te Whatu Ora Te Toka Tumai Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-6094
Martin I de BockDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0454-6679
Benjamin J WheelerDepartment of Paediatrics and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-5238

Funding

Bowen Family FoundationLions New Zealand District 202FLloyd Morgan Lions Clubs Charitable TrustLottery Health ResearchOtago Southland Diabetes Research TrustSpinal Cord Society of New ZealandStarship FoundationUniversity of Otago Wellington
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo assess how automated insulin delivery (AID) impacts sleep in young people with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemia (HbA1c ≥ 69 mmol/mol).

methodsWe conducted a randomised controlled trial comparing AID to usual care in 80 participants (aged 7-25 years) over 13 weeks. Sleep was a secondary outcome assessed at baseline and 13 weeks using questionnaires (subjective) and accelerometry (objective).

resultsAll participants completed the trial; 64 provided subjective and 40 provided objective sleep data. Participants reported poor subjective sleep quality alongside high levels of sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment at both timepoints. At 13 weeks, sleep-related impairment improved more in the intervention group than in controls (MD = -4.7; 95% CI = -8.7, -0.8; p = 0.02), with no between-group differences in other subjective measures. Accelerometry data showed the intervention group spent 21 more minutes awake after sleep onset (WASO) (MD = 21; 95% CI = 1, 41; p = 0.04) and experienced a 4 percentage point decline in sleep efficiency (MD = -4.2; 95% CI = -8.0, -0.3; p = 0.03), compared to controls after 13 weeks. These results paralleled substantial improvements in HbA1c for intervention participants compared to controls (MD = -34 mmol/mol; 95% CI = -43, -25; p-value <0.001).

conclusionAlthough AID improved some subjective sleep aspects, sleep efficiency reduced and WASO increased. The relationship between glycaemia and sleep remains unclear, suggesting that effective sleep improvement in young people with T1D may require multifactorial approaches extending beyond improving glycaemia.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsSleepSleep Wake DisordersAccelerometryAdolescentAdultBlood GlucoseChildFemaleHumansMalePilot ProjectsBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinadvanced hybrid closed loopartificial pancreasautomated insulin deliveryglycaemic targetsleeptype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40534171
PMCPMC12257429

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.