ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer: an umbrella meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Vanishing high-risk thyroid nodule following pembrolizumab-induced destructive thyroiditis: case report and focused literature review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Impact of dermatology targeted immunotherapies on autoimmune thyroid diseases: cytokine-network crosstalk and thyroid safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Real-world insights into incidence and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Harnessing tumor immune checkpoints for autoimmune disease therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related endocrinopathies: from immune crosstalk to predictive biomarkers and precision management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Systematic monitoring identified a high incidence of hypopituitarism following combined ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Associations between systemic immune-inflammation index and immune-related hypothyroidism in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Commentary: Correlation between different levels of thyroid autoantibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated thyroid dysfunction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The expanding clinical utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology has brought increasing attention to thyroid dysfunction as a prominent immune-related adverse event (irAE). Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ICI-induced thyroiditis represents a critical step toward developing evidence-based diagnostic protocols and targeted therapeutic interventions for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. This comprehensive review systematically examines current advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis of ICI-induced thyroiditis. First, we described pharmacological characterization of ICIs, then discussed multifactorial analysis of cellular and molecular contributors to thyroid autoimmunity following ICI administration and finally analyzed critical evaluation of emerging hypotheses regarding primary pathogenic drivers. Through this review, we aim to establish mechanistic connections between ICI pharmacodynamics and thyroid tissue immunopathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.