Evidence mapPaperPMID 40537227Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among adults of reproductive age in Tanzania: analysis of a cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey.

Angelina M Lutambi, Petro M Mnyagatwa, Amos J Busunge, Elvis B Dodo, Gerald P Mwingá, Honest T Nagai, Yusuph J Mkama, Joseph E Chilongani, Eliakimu P Kapyolo, Lucas E Matemba and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Angelina M LutambiDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of angelina.lutambi@nimr.or.tz.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-6280
Petro M MnyagatwaDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Amos J BusungeDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Elvis B DodoDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Gerald P MwingáDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Honest T NagaiDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Yusuph J MkamaDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Joseph E ChilonganiDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Eliakimu P KapyoloDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Lucas E MatembaDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.
Basiliana EmidiDodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania, United Republic of.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe aimed to estimate prevalence and identify determinants of hypertension in adults aged 15-49 years in Tanzania.

designWe analysed cross-sectional survey data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey conducted between February and July 2022. Descriptive statistical analysis, logistic regression, machine learning and geospatial methods were used to estimate prevalence and determine determinants of hypertension.

settingTanzania.

participantsA total of 13 385 participants aged 15-49 years were included in the analysis. PRIMARY OUTCOME: The primary outcome variable was hypertension, defined as either systolic blood pressure (BP)≥140 and/or diastolic BP≥90 mm Hg or under anti-hypertensive drugs.

resultsThe prevalence of hypertension among adults of reproductive age was 11% (95% CIs 10.09 to 11.56) in Tanzania, varying significantly across risk factors. Prevalence was high in people aged 40-49 (22.11%, 95% CI 20.07 to 24.29) and obese (23.69%, 95% CI 20.67 to 27.00). The mean prevalence of hypertension was also high in the southern, eastern, western, southern highlands, north-west and north-eastern part of the country, correlating with the spatial distribution of older age (30-49) and higher body mass index (BMI) (≥25). Individuals aged 40-49 had nearly six times (adjusted OR (AOR): 5.68, 95% CI 4.10 to 7.83) the odds of hypertension relative to those aged 15-19. Obese individuals had higher odds (AOR: 2.88, 95% CI 2.01 to 4.13) compared with overweight individuals (AOR: 1.93, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.74). Machine learning results showed age and BMI as the most important determinants of hypertension and that significant interactions between risk factors exist.

conclusionThe prevalence of hypertension varied across risk factors and the strongest determinants of hypertension in adults of reproductive age were age and BMI.

Indexed as

HypertensionAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityPrevalenceRisk FactorsTanzaniaYoung AdultDemographyGeographical mappingHypertensionMachine LearningPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID40537227
PMCPMC12182190

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.