Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40537781›Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025

Transitioning a multiethnic donor pool from serologic D-negative to molecularly RHD-negative at a hospital-based blood donor service.

Willy A Flegel, Kshitij Srivastava, Lorraine G Caruccio, Pirmin Schmid, David A Stiles, Marina U Bueno, Nadine R Dowling, Traci D Paige, Sita Shrestha

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Willy A FlegelLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. waf@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-1631-7198
Kshitij SrivastavaLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3658-0815
Lorraine G CaruccioLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0754-097X
Pirmin SchmidLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1171-7643
David A StilesLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Marina U BuenoLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Nadine R DowlingLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Traci D PaigeLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-8896-6485
Sita ShresthaLaboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Funding

Laboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine Core ReportZICCL002128 · CLC · CLINICAL CENTER · PI FLEGEL, WILLY · 2020 to 2025
$0k
Intramural NIH HHS ZIC CL002128NIH Clinical Center RASCL727301
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSome individuals carry a very low expression of the D-antigen, called a Del phenotype. Red cell units from such blood donors with DEL alleles are RhD protein-positive, despite being routinely labelled D-negative. Molecular typing offers a more sensitive method to identify Del individuals by detecting the presence of the RHD gene. Pools of 20 or more donor samples are routinely screened for the RHD gene in some, mostly European, donor populations.

methodsA modular real-time PCR assay targeting RHD intron 4, exon 5, and exon 7 was developed for individual testing. We screened for the RHD gene among all blood donors who typed D-negative in routine serology.

resultsOver 15 years, 2254 D-negative donors were individually tested for the RHD gene. With a sensitivity of detecting 5 RHD positive gDNA copies per reaction, 42 donors tested positive (1.9%). Among them, 34 carried the common RHDΨ allele (80.9%), while 7 harbored 5 known RHD alleles, and 1 a novel RHD deletion. We inadvertently detected 2 other donors with DVI, establishing a population frequency of 1 in 731 for the U.S.

conclusionsA modular approach for RHD screening is suitable for blood donors when sample pooling is not feasible among multiethnic donor populations. We transitioned donors since 2009 from serologic D-negative to molecularly RHD-negative status at the NIH Clinical Center. Molecular RHD screening of serologic D-negative donors is an effective way to identify individuals harboring DEL alleles that can cause alloimmunization in transfusion recipients.

Indexed as

Blood DonorsEthnicityHospitalsRh-Hr Blood-Group SystemAllelesHumansRh-Hr Blood-Group SystemRho(D) antigen

Identifiers

PMID40537781
PMCPMC12180192

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.