Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40539344›Full record

ReviewCurrent cancer drug targets2025

Controversial Role of Opioids: From Pain Control to Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer.

Mudasir Maqbool, Gyas Khan, Liming Zhang, Md Sadique Hussain

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current cancer drug targets, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mudasir MaqboolDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.ORCID 0000-0002-9036-008X
Gyas KhanDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2695-7401
Liming ZhangSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Md Sadique HussainUttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Prem Nagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.ORCID 0000-0002-3554-1750

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Opioids are widely used for pain management in breast cancer patients; however, their influence on tumor progression and recurrence remains controversial. Opioid receptors-mu (MOR), delta (DOR), and kappa (KOR)-play diverse roles in cancer biology, modulating tumor growth, immune responses, and angiogenesis. MOR activation is associated with increased proliferation, Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), and immunosuppression, contributing to an aggressive tumor phenotype. Conversely, KOR exhibits tumor-suppressive properties, reducing angiogenesis via VEGF inhibition. Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that opioids, particularly morphine, may facilitate breast cancer progression by enhancing cancer cell migration, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Genetic variations in opioid receptor pathways, such as the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism, further complicate the opioid-cancer relationship, demonstrating population-dependent effects on patient outcomes. In contrast, tramadol has shown potential immune-protective effects by preserving Natural Killer (NK) cell function and inhibiting adrenergic signaling; fentanyl and sufentanil exhibit variable impacts on tumor biology, necessitating further investigation. Clinical studies, however, remain inconclusive regarding opioids' direct contribution to breast cancer recurrence, highlighting the need for targeted research. Opioid-sparing analgesic strategies, including multimodal pain management, regional anesthesia, and immunomodulatory agents, offer promising alternatives to mitigate potential oncogenic risks while ensuring adequate pain relief. Future studies integrating single-cell transcriptomics and tumor microenvironment analyses will be critical in elucidating the molecular impact of opioids in breast cancer. Personalized pain management approaches tailored to genetic and clinical profiles may optimize oncological outcomes while preserving analgesic efficacy.

Indexed as

Analgesics, OpioidBreast NeoplasmsCancer PainNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalAnimalsFemaleHumansPain ManagementReceptors, OpioidAnalgesics, OpioidReceptors, OpioidBreast cancerimmunosuppressionmorphineopioid analgesicspain managementtramadoltumor microenvironmenttumor progression.

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.