Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40544385›Full record

ArticlePituitary2025

Baseline testosterone levels as a predictor of hypogonadism resolution in male patients with isolated hyperprolactinemia.

Angelo Milioto, Cristian Petolicchio, Lorenzo Mattioli, Claudia Campana, Anna Arecco, Diego Ferone, Francesco Cocchiara, Federico Gatto

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Article in Pituitary, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Angelo MiliotoEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Cristian PetolicchioEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Lorenzo MattioliEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Claudia CampanaEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Anna AreccoEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Diego FeroneEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Francesco CocchiaraIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
Federico GattoEndocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. fedgatto@hotmail.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5062-9208

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate the prevalence and the timing of gonadal axis restoration in men with hypogonadism secondary to hyperprolactinemia after prolactin (PRL) normalization, and to identify factors associated with testosterone (TT) recovery to normal values.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical records of male patients with central hypogonadism and successfully treated isolated hyperprolactinemia. Data on PRL, TT, gonadotropins levels were retrieved for different time points: diagnosis, PRL normalization, gonadal axis restoration (if achieved) and last follow-up. Testosterone replacement therapy within 6 months of PRL normalization was an exclusion criterion.

resultsTwenty-nine patients, median age 50 years (IQR 41-58), were included. The etiology of hyperprolactinemia included: prolactinoma (n = 23, 79%), non-functioning pituitary adenoma causing stalk effect (n = 5, 17%) and idiopathic cause (n = 1, 4%). After successful treatment of hyperprolactinemia, 20 patients (69%) spontaneously recovered the gonadal axis, achieving normal TT levels. Ten patients normalized PRL and TT values concurrently, while the other 10 exhibited a median delay of 6.5 months (4-9.25) after PRL normalization; the former group showed lower baseline PRL levels at diagnosis compared to the latter (p = 0.007). Patients who recovered the gonadal axis had higher baseline TT values compared to those with persistent hypogonadism (p = 0.02). At ROC curve analysis, baseline TT was a good predictor of spontaneous gonadal axis recovery after PRL normalization (AUC 0.869, p = 0.002).

conclusionIn patients with hypogonadism secondary to isolated hyperprolactinemia, gonadal axis recovery occurs frequently, particularly in those with higher baseline TT. Lower PRL levels at diagnosis are associated with a faster recovery of gonadal axis.

Indexed as

HyperprolactinemiaHypogonadismTestosteroneAdultHumansMaleMiddle AgedPituitary NeoplasmsProlactinProlactinomaRetrospective StudiesProlactinTestosteroneCentral hypogonadismHyperprolactinemiaHypogonadotropic hypogonadismPituitary adenomaProlactinTestosterone

Identifiers

PMID40544385

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.