Observational studyBMJ open2025
Associations of sleep characteristics with all-cause, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality among rural Chinese older adults: a cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesThe longitudinal associations of sleep timing and time in bed (TIB) with all-cause, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality are unclear in Chinese rural populations.
methodsThis population-based cohort study included 2468 participants who were aged ≥60 years and residing in rural communities in western Shandong Province. Sleep timing and TIB were assessed using standard questionnaires at baseline in 2014. Mid-sleep time was defined as the halfway point between the bedtime and wake-up time. Vital status until December 2022 and causes of death for all participants were ascertained via death registry plus interviews with informants (eg, family members or village doctors). Data were analysed using restricted cubic splines (RCS) and Cox proportional-hazards models.
resultsDuring the mean follow-up of 7.36 (SD 2.03) years, 657 participants died. The RCS analysis showed non-linear relationships of sleep duration and mid-sleep time at baseline with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Specifically, when baseline sleep characteristics were categorised into tertiles, the multivariable-adjusted HR for all-cause mortality was higher for long sleep duration (>8 vs 7-8 hours; HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.53), long TIB (>9 vs <8 hours; 1.63; 1.27 to 2.08), early bedtime (before 21:00 vs 22:00 or later; 1.58; 1.00 to 2.49) and early mid-sleep time (before 01:00 vs 01:00 -01:30; 1.45; 1.20 to 1.76). Long TIB was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.61 (1.15 to 2.27) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.64 (1.09 to 2.47) for non-cardiovascular mortality.
conclusionsLong sleep duration and early sleep timing might be associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in rural Chinese older adults. In addition, long TIB might be linked to an increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.