ReviewEndocrine journal2025
Imbalances in adrenal hormones and their effects on bone metabolism.
Review in Endocrine journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Adrenal hormones are essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis; however, imbalances in their production can significantly impact bone metabolism. This review examines how adrenal hormone dysregulation affects bone health, focusing on the following three key pathological conditions: autonomous cortisol secretion, primary aldosteronism, and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Each disorder exerts distinct effects on bone metabolism, contributing to reduced bone mass, deteriorated bone quality, and increased fracture risk. Recent advances in steroid profiling and single-cell transcriptome analysis have revealed that, in adrenocortical adenomas-such as cortisol-producing and aldosterone-producing adenomas-multiple steroid hormones contribute to these effects rather than a single hormone. Additionally, age-related changes in steroid hormones, particularly the progressive decline in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate production and alterations in cortisol circadian rhythm, may contribute to age-associated bone fragility. This review summarizes the effects of adrenal hormone imbalances on bone metabolism in both pathological conditions and aging, which may contribute to understanding adrenal-related osteoporosis.
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