Trial reportPsychiatry and clinical neurosciences2025
Enhancement of the left frontoparietal network through real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity-informed neurofeedback and its impact on working memory in schizophrenia: A pilot study.
Trial report in Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neurocognitive Effects of Neurofeedback: A Systematic Review of the Applicability and Therapeutic Effect in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Psychosis or Clinical High Risks for Psychosis.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Review
- Extraction of robust functional connectivity patterns across psychiatric disorders using principal component analysis-based feature selection.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimCognitive impairment in schizophrenia shows limited improvement with pharmacotherapy, indicating a need for effective treatment. The frontoparietal network supports working memory, and a biomarker has successfully predicted performance in patients, with the left frontoparietal network contributing the most to working memory. We hypothesized that enhancing functional connectivity in this network through real-time neurofeedback (NF) will improve working memory in patients with schizophrenia.
methodsWe conducted a two-arm, nonrandomized pilot study in patients with schizophrenia, with a NF group (N = 11) and a control N-back training group (N = 11). The NF training lasted 5 days (one session per day). The first session included baseline measurements, while the next four sessions involved training. The participants completed cognitive and clinical assessments and resting-state scans preintervention and postintervention. Our primary neural outcome was increased functional connectivity during NF, and the behavioral outcome was improvement in working memory, as indicated by scores on the digit-span backward task and working memory capability measured by the N-back task.
resultsThe NF group showed increased functional connectivity within the left frontoparietal network during the final session. A significant correlation existed between functional connectivity and the improvement in the mean N-back level, indicating that enhancing this network can boost working memory. A group-by-time interaction effect improved postintervention task score on the digit-span backward task in the NF group. In addition, post-NF scans indicated an enhanced resting-state functional connectivity within the left frontoparietal network.
conclusionThese results highlight the potential of functional connectivity-informed NF as a novel therapeutic approach for improving working memory in schizophrenia. CLINICAL
trial registrationJapan Registry of Clinical Trials (UMIN000024831, jRCTs052180168, jRCTs032190244).
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