ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2025
Conditioned Media from Mechanically Stimulated Macrophages Upregulate Osteogenic Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Conditioned Media from Mechanically Stimulated Macrophages Upregulate Osteogenic Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bone healing is a multifaceted scenario with tightly orchestrated sequences that decide upon successful bone fracture healing or nonunion. In this context, the immune system, particularly the impact of macrophages on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) recruitment and differentiation, cannot be overemphasized. Further adding to the complexity, fracture healing is not only governed by chemical signals but strongly depends on mechanical stimulation. Here, an in-house built bioreactor is used to culture THP-1 macrophages, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma (M(LPS)) or interleukin 4 (M(IL-4)) in fibrin hydrogels under compression and shear. Subsequently, MSC-pellets are cultured in conditioned media, derived from macrophages, and analyzed for chondrogenic or osteogenic gene expression after 9 days. In M(IL-4) conditions under mechanical load, expression of IL1B, IL6, TNF, IL10, CCL18, CD163, and CD206 is increased compared to the static condition. In MSCs, osteogenic genes RUNX2 and ALPL as well as chondrogenic genes ACAN and COL2A1 are increased in conditions treated with a medium derived from mechanically stimulated macrophages. The results suggest that culture in fibrin and under loading induces a complex macrophage polarization phenotype which affects processes during endochondral ossification in human MSC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.