Evidence mapPaperPMID 40546310Full record

ArticleTherapeutic advances in chronic disease2025

Joint effects of sodium intake and circadian rhythm of urinary sodium excretion on prognosis of chronic kidney disease: a prospective study.

Yu He, Jiawen Li, Jialing Rao, Weiyan Lai, Qin Wei, Haiteng Li, Yuxuan Li, Hui Peng, Jun Zhang

Abstract read
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Article in Therapeutic advances in chronic disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yu HeDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Jiawen LiDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Jialing RaoDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Weiyan LaiDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Qin WeiDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Haiteng LiDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Yuxuan LiDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Hui PengDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.
Jun ZhangDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4131-1817

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Sodium harmony is closely correlated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: The current study aims to explore the significance of the circadian rhythm of urinary sodium excretion in CKD management and to help establish individualized salt restriction strategies. Design: This is a prospective study among inpatients with CKD. Methods: The study included 715 participants with CKD from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Multivariable Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines were employed to explore the independent and joint associations of 24-h urinary sodium and sodium rhythm with prognosis of CKD. Results: During a median follow-up of 6.92 years, 286 major renal events, 112 MACE, 160 deaths, and 321 composite events were documented. 24-h urinary sodium was not associated with any outcomes. However, there were dose-response associations of diurnal sodium/24-h urinary sodium with major renal events ( Conclusion: The circadian rhythm of sodium excretion emerges as a novel and potentially more sensitive risk factor for the prognosis of CKD. Furthermore, the association between sodium intake and progression of CKD was notably pronounced among individuals with abnormal sodium rhythms. Efforts to implement individualized salt restriction strategies are warranted.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseasecircadian rhythmsodium intakeurinary sodium rhythm

Identifiers

PMID40546310
PMCPMC12181718

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.