Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40546955›Full record

ReviewiScience2025

Entropy measures for quantifying complexity in digital pathology and spatial omics.

Xiao Li, Xuehan Ren, Raghavan Venugopal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiao LiComputational Science and Informatics, Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
Xuehan RenBiostatistics, Clinical Data Science, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.
Raghavan VenugopalComputational Science and Informatics, Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Santa Clara, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Entropy, a cornerstone of information theory, quantifies disorder, heterogeneity, and complexity in biological systems. This review explores its use in digital pathology and spatial omics, focusing on how entropy captures tissue architecture, spatial heterogeneity, and cellular organization. This review synthesizes entropy's theoretical foundations, spanning classical and spatially-aware metrics, and highlights its applications in mapping tissue heterogeneity, profiling microenvironments, and informing biomarker discovery through AI/ML. Key challenges include computational scalability, interpretability, and the need for standardization. We also discuss future directions, including graph-based entropy for cell networks, dynamic entropy for disease progression, and integrative approaches across molecular and spatial data. By merging theoretical precision with clinical applications, entropy-based methods offer promising tools for advancing precision medicine and personalized treatment strategies.

Indexed as

OmicsPathology

Identifiers

PMID40546955
PMCPMC12178799

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.