Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate high altitude-induced heart injury by promoting type 2 macrophage polarization via COX2-PGE2 pathway.

Background: Chronic high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia leads to high-altitude heart disease and heart failure. Recent research has indicated that WJMSCs (Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells, WJMSCs) can alleviate ischemic myocardial injury and improve cardiac dysfunction, and macrophage polarization may have been involved. However, few studies have focused on the cardioprotective effects of WJMSCs against HAHI (high-altitude-induced heart injury, HAHI). Here, our research focused on how WJMSCs regulate macrophage polarization impacted myocardial repair in HAHI. Methods: C57/BL6J mice were fed for 28 days at a hypobaric chamber that had a comparable altitude of 6000 m, and WJMSCs were injected intravenously before HH (hypobaric hypoxia, HH) exposure. To assess cardiac function, echocardiography was carried out. Blood and heart tissue were collected for subsequent analysis. We simulated anoxic environment Results: Abnormal myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac inflammation and dysfunction were exhibited in the Chronic HAHI mouse model. WJMSCs infusion maintained the cardiac structure and function in HAHI mice. Furthermore, WJMSCs infusion was effective in elevating the M2 macrophages proportion and decreasing inflammation in the heart. Conclusions: In conclusions, our findings indicated that WJMSCs infusions may enhance M2 macrophage polarization through the COX2-PGE2 pathway, and therefore safeguard against cardiac damage in HAHI mice.