ArticleJournal of environmental health science & engineering2025
The association between per-fluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis.
Article in Journal of environmental health science & engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Thyroid Under Pressure: Heavy Metals, Endocrine Disruptors and Translational Insights into Carcinogenesis and Thyroid Dysfunctions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- RoundupFrontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, thyroid cancer cases have dramatically increased in frequency year by year. According to certain research, thyroid cancer may be linked to per-fluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure. Our study aimed to investigate the possible link between thyroid cancer and PFAS exposure. Three researchers have looked up the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Science Direct, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to get the whole articles before March 2024. In addition, Google Scholar was used as a complementary search engine. Finally, eight articles were included in our meta-analysis. It was shown by our results that the link between thyroid cancer and PFAS exposure was not statistically significant, for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), odds ratio (OR): 0.71, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.30-1.12; for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.5-1.28; for PFAS mixtures, OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.19-2.01. Furthermore, our study revealed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure could decrease the risk of thyroid cancer (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-0.95). These associations of PFOS and PFNA with thyroid cancer were robust in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, these results increase our knowledge of the impact of PFAS on the thyroid cancer in a novel manner. At the same time, our study has certain limitations, we encourage the inclusion of more high-quality studies in the future. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-025-00942-4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.