ArticleInternational journal of general medicine2025
Adverse Cutaneous Reactions Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients with Pre-Existing Urticaria: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia.
Article in International journal of general medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and associated factors of cutaneous adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines among adult patients with pre-existing urticaria in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 190 adult patients (≥18 years) with urticaria attending allergy/dermatology clinics at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh (November 2021-April 2022). Data on demographics, urticaria characteristics, vaccination status, cutaneous reactions, and comorbidities were collected via questionnaire. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square/Fisher exact tests, Cochran's test, and binary logistic regression. Results: Participants were predominantly female (87.4%), with chronic spontaneous urticaria (97.9%); 78.9% used regular antihistamines. Reactions occurred after dose 1 (22.7%), dose 2 (26.2%), and dose 3 (31.0%). Among symptomatic individuals, onset was typically <24h, resolving in 1-3 days for ~50%. Common reactions included injection site reactions (13.1-16.3%), pruritus (7.8-10.5%), and urticaria exacerbation (3.9-9.1%). Urticaria exacerbation decreased significantly after dose 3 (p=0.030). Regular antihistamine use was associated with fewer reactions after dose 1 (adjusted OR 0.4, p=0.028). Female gender, asthma/atopy, and autoimmune disease were associated with specific reactions. Adjusted vaccine type showed no significant association. Conclusion: Cutaneous reactions post-COVID-19 vaccination in urticaria patients are relatively common but generally mild and transient. Decreasing urticaria exacerbations after dose 3 is reassuring. Regular antihistamine use may offer some protection, particularly after the first dose. Findings support vaccine safety and aid patient counseling.
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