Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40547620›Full record

ArticleACS omega2025

Effective Flame-Retardant Coatings for Expanded Polystyrene Foam: A Study Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent and Graphene Oxide.

Vijay Kumar Vishvakarma, Gyanendra Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Bhawna, Dhanraj T Masram

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vijay Kumar VishvakarmaDelhi School of Skill Enhancement & Entrepreneurship Development, Institution of Eminence, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-1538
Gyanendra KumarSwami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110036, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1975-5310
Sandeep KumarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
BhawnaDepartment of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad 201204, India.
Dhanraj T MasramDepartment of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-8199

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using an improved Hummers method. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared using a simple mixing method. The synthesis of DES-GO composites is employed to increase the thermal stability of flame retardants. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam is widely recognized due to its advantageous properties, including low weight, thermal insulation, and impact resistance. However, its inherent flammability poses significant safety risks. This study investigates the development of innovative green flame-retardant coatings for EPS by incorporating DES and DES-GO composite. These eco-friendly coatings are engineered to improve flame resistance while ensuring optimal mechanical integrity, thermal stability, adhesion, and water resistance. The findings demonstrate that DES and GO provide exceptional flame-retardant performance by forming thermally stable carbonaceous layers, effectively suppressing heat and smoke generation during combustion. Additionally, density functional theory analyses reveal insights into the formation mechanisms of DES and DES-GO composite materials. Annealing molecular dynamics simulation reveals the adhesion behavior and stability at elevated temperatures for the number of cycles. Vertical flammability tests and limiting oxygen index measurements confirm significant improvements in the flame resistance for EPS foam. This study paves the way for safer, greener, and more effective flame-retardant solutions for EPS, promoting advancements in fire safety technology with enhanced environmental sustainability.

Identifiers

PMID40547620
PMCPMC12177777

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.