ArticleThe oncologist2025
Efficacy and immune-related adverse events of pembrolizumab with bone-modifying agents in female patients with breast cancer.
Article in The oncologist, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Severe autoimmunity after checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEmerging studies demonstrate that some bone-modifying agents (BMAs), such as denosumab (Dmab), can modulate immune responses by increasing tumor-infiltrating T cells and expanding the T-cell repertoire. Female patients with breast cancer in particular often receive concurrent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and BMAs. However, the clinical impact of BMAs on immune-related adverse events (irAE) and cancer outcomes in patients treated with ICI remains poorly understood. MATERIALS AND
methodsFemale patients with breast cancer treated with pembrolizumab between 2017 and 2024 were included. Patients were categorized according to BMA received: zoledronic acid (ZA), Dmab, or none. BMA therapy was considered received within a dose interval prior to ICI (12 months for ZA; 6 months for Dmab), during ICI therapy, or within 1 month of the last ICI dose.
resultsIn a cohort of 425 female patients with breast cancer treated with pembrolizumab, 55 (12.9%) received Dmab, 31 (7.3%) received ZA, and 339 (80.0%) received no BMA. A total of 255 (60%) patients had early-stage breast cancer, and 170 (40%) had metastatic disease. After a median follow-up of 19.4 months (95% CI, 17.5-20.8), the incidence of severe irAE was higher in patients who received Dmab vs those who received no BMA (21.8% vs 11.5%, P = .04). Patients who received Dmab had higher responses (48.0%) compared to those who received ZA (31.6%) and no BMA (35.0%), although not statistically significant (P = .3).
conclusionThis is the first study to suggest an increased rate of severe irAE and potential synergistic anti-tumor effect of Dmab in combination with ICI in female patients with breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.