ArticlePLoS genetics2025
Distinct domains of ENHANCER OF PINOID hold information for its polarization required for auxin-mediated cotyledon and flower development in Arabidopsis.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Capturing protein-protein interactions in plants: recent advances, challenges, and opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
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10 authors.
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Abstract
The Arabidopsis ENHANCER OF PINOID (ENP) protein and the AGC-kinase PINOID (PID) synergistically impact on polarization and function of the auxin transporter PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) required for plant leaf and flower organ development. ENP offers a PID-independent input for PIN-function since enp pid double mutants lead to cotyledon- and flower-less plants in contrast to pid single mutants, which develop cotyledons and abnormal albeit fertile flowers. This indicates that ENP, which depicts a similar polar localization as PIN1, is a potential interactor of PINs including PIN1. Here we show that the modular structure of ENP predicted by AlphaFold separates the capability for its own cellular polarization and its function linked to polar PIN1 activity. The part of ENP from aa1 to aa470 is subdivided into three structured domains. They are supportive and/or essential for cellular polarity. In contrast, the C-terminus, which is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), is completely dispensable for polarity but essential for ENP-mediated PIN1-function. FLIM-FRET shows ENP to be closely associated with the plasma membrane and its IDR to significantly interact with PINs. Moreover, the modification status of two prominent phosphorylation sites in the IDR determines ENPs stability and its capability in supporting PIN1. Our results show ENP to be an element in the assumed PIN-multiprotein complex and explain its impact on PID-independent PIN1 activity.
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