ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2025
Social Determinants Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Awareness: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008).
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social determinants of health and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality on osteoarthritis adults in the USA: a national cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the quality of educational TikTok videos on diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
purposeTo identify the social determinants of health (SDH) associated with awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
designRetrospective, cross-sectional study.
methodsWe identified participants with DR. Based on answers to questionnaires, those who were aware of their diagnosis were compared to those who were unaware of their diagnosis. We also compared participants with DR to participants without DR, with diabetes. Covariates included sociodemographic factors and other SDH variables identified in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database or calculated based on literature review: depression screening (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9]), social support index, food insecurity, and household crowding. The Rao-Scott χ
resultsOur NHANES analysis included participants with and without diabetes (HbA1c >6.5% or self-reported), age 40 years or older, with available fundus photography. Among the 5437 participants (weighted 107.6M) over age 40 with available fundus photography, there were 692 participants (weighted 10.3M) with diabetes and 319 participants (weighted 4.0M) with DR. Over 70% (217, weighted 3.0M) were unaware of their DR diagnosis. Among participants with DR, non-Hispanic Black participants, those born in the United States, those with US citizenship, households of 4 to 6 rooms, those interviewed in English, and those who were food insecure were more aware of their DR diagnosis. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, individuals who received food stamps in the last 6 months (AOR = 6.66, CI = 1.98-22.43) and those who were not working in the last week (AOR = 3.28, CI = 1.08-9.68) had increased odds of awareness of DR. Participants born outside of the United States had decreased odds of awareness of DR (AOR = 0.08, CI = 0.02-0.37).
conclusionsParticipants experiencing adverse SDH demonstrated increased DR awareness. Interventions that address SDH may contribute to a decrease in blindness from DR by leveraging known awareness in populations at high risk.
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