Evidence mapPaperPMID 40550686Full record

ArticleeNeuro2025

The Brain Mechanisms of Music Stimulation, Motor Observation, and Motor Imagination in Virtual Reality Techniques: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

Junjie Liang, Boyuan Liang, Zengquan Tang, Xingchen Huang, Sitong Ou, Chunli Chang, Yujue Wang, Zishu Yuan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eNeuro, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Junjie LiangDepartment of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-5050
Boyuan LiangThe Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0220-3358
Zengquan TangThe Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
Xingchen HuangThe Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
Sitong OuThe Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
Chunli ChangThe Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
Yujue WangDepartment of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, China wangyj43@foxmail.com yuanzishu@gzhmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-6524
Zishu YuanThe Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China wangyj43@foxmail.com yuanzishu@gzhmu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3436-0728

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) has gained popularity in recent years, integrating with conventional music stimulation (MS), action observation (AO), and motor imagination (MI). It offers promising opportunities for developing innovative rehabilitation treatments, though the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. This study aims to compare brain activation and network mechanisms following the fusion of MS, AO, and MI with VR. Fifty healthy participants were recruited and underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy synchronization with three VR tasks: MS (VRMS), AO (VRAO), and MI (VRMI). The results indicate that VRMS significantly enhances functional connectivity of the bilateral primary sensory cortex (S1), premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area (PM&SMA) compared with VRAO and VRMI. Furthermore, the interaction among the bilateral PM&SMA, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right primary motor cortex (M1) regions is notably stronger with VRMS than with the other VR tasks. These findings elucidate the brain activation and network characteristics of the three VR tasks, highlighting VRMS's potential in boosting the functional interaction among brain regions. Future research should explore additional brain regions, broader diseased brain samples, and alternative brain-stimulation effects of VRMS.

Indexed as

Auditory PerceptionBrainImaginationMotor ActivityMusicVirtual RealityAdultFemaleHumansMaleMotor CortexSpectroscopy, Near-InfraredYoung Adultaction observationfunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)motor imaginationmusic stimulationvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID40550686
PMCPMC12216803

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.