ReviewNature protocols2026
Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.
Review in Nature protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Causal connectivity maps derived from single-pulse interleaved TMS/fMRI.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Knowledge Graph and Large Language Model-Based Analysis of fMRI Brain Functional Neuroimaging Research.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Whole-brain mapping of TMS-induced discomfort with large-scale concurrent TMS-fMRI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Digital twin brain reveals state-specific stimulation targets for abnormal brain dynamics in tinnitus.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Causal Connectivity Maps Derived from Single-Pulse Interleaved TMS/fMRI.Research square · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
33 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (TMS-fMRI) provides a step-change in the toolkit of neuroscience research. TMS enables the noninvasive perturbation of ongoing human brain activity, and when coupled to fMRI for the simultaneous read-out of its effects across the brain, concurrent TMS-fMRI enables studies aimed at determining the causal inference of human brain-behavior relationships, with implications for both fundamental research and clinical application. Many of the technical barriers to TMS-fMRI implementation, such as hardware design and setups, have now been overcome, and the research community in the field is rapidly growing. Here, we present the guidelines set by an international consensus, from researchers at all levels and across the fields of cognitive and applied human neuroscience, for the experimental design and practical considerations of concurrent TMS-fMRI via 12 detailed use cases. These guidelines may facilitate the uptake of this approach and simplify the experimental design and planning stages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40555803What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.