Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40563291›Full record

ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Redox Imbalance in Inflammation: The Interplay of Oxidative and Reductive Stress.

Francesco Bellanti, Anna Rita Daniela Coda, Maria Incoronata Trecca, Aurelio Lo Buglio, Gaetano Serviddio, Gianluigi Vendemiale

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Oxidation-derived metabolites sustain the antioxidant network of quercetin.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Bioactive Extracts and Constituents fromAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article

10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Francesco BellantiC.R.E.A.T.E.-Center for Research and Innovation in Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8196-7373
Anna Rita Daniela CodaC.R.E.A.T.E.-Center for Research and Innovation in Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0204-1872
Maria Incoronata TreccaC.R.E.A.T.E.-Center for Research and Innovation in Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-2122-1478
Aurelio Lo BuglioC.R.E.A.T.E.-Center for Research and Innovation in Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1569-3658
Gaetano ServiddioC.R.E.A.T.E.-Center for Research and Innovation in Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6424-7841
Gianluigi VendemialeC.R.E.A.T.E.-Center for Research and Innovation in Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Redox imbalance plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammation, influencing both the onset and progression of various inflammatory conditions. While the pro-inflammatory role of oxidative stress (OS) is well established, the impact of reductive stress (RS)-a condition marked by excessive reducing equivalents such as NADH, NADPH, and reduced glutathione (GSH)-remains underappreciated. This review offers a novel integrative perspective by analyzing how OS and RS act not merely in opposition, but as interconnected modulators of immune function. We explore the mechanisms through which OS activates inflammatory pathways, and how RS, when sustained, can paradoxically impair immune defense, alter redox-sensitive signaling, and contribute to disease progression. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic interplay between these redox extremes and their combined contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Additionally, we evaluate therapeutic strategies that target redox homeostasis, arguing for a shift from antioxidant-centric treatments to approaches that consider the bidirectional nature of redox dysregulation. This framework may inform the development of more precise interventions for inflammation-related diseases.

Indexed as

immune regulationinflammationoxidative stressredox imbalancereductive stress

Identifiers

PMID40563291
PMCPMC12189482

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.