Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40565770›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Intensive Care Medicine: Critical Recalibrations from Rule-Based Systems to Frontier Models.

Pierre Hadweh, Alexandre Niset, Michele Salvagno, Mejdeddine Al Barajraji, Salim El Hadwe, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Sami Barrit

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Pierre HadwehSciense, New York, NY 10027, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-6924-3397
Alexandre NisetSciense, New York, NY 10027, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8341-9338
Michele SalvagnoDepartment of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Anderlecht, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-8415-4247
Mejdeddine Al BarajrajiSciense, New York, NY 10027, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9619-7324
Salim El HadweSciense, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Fabio Silvio TacconeDepartment of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Anderlecht, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
Sami BarritSciense, New York, NY 10027, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9073-4504

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly transforming clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) in intensive care units (ICUs), where vast amounts of real-time data present both an opportunity and a challenge for timely clinical decision-making. Here, we trace the evolution of machine intelligence in critical care. This technology has been applied across key ICU domains such as early warning systems, sepsis management, mechanical ventilation, and diagnostic support. We highlight a transition from rule-based systems to more sophisticated machine learning approaches, including emerging frontier models. While these tools demonstrate strong potential to improve predictive performance and workflow efficiency, their implementation remains constrained by concerns around transparency, workflow integration, bias, and regulatory challenges. Ensuring the safe, effective, and ethical use of AI in intensive care will depend on validated, human-centered systems supported by transdisciplinary collaboration, technological literacy, prospective evaluation, and continuous monitoring.

Indexed as

artificial intelligenceclinical decision support systemscritical caredeep learningintensive care medicinelarge language modelsmachine learningnatural language processingpredictive analyticsprivacysafetysepsis

Identifiers

PMID40565770
PMCPMC12194786

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.